Systematiek van bomensoorten: welke boomsoorten zijn verwant aan welke Bomen herkennen op deze bomen site, recognizing Dutch trees

How related are tree-species: Systematics

For your understanding of trees it might help to know some background on their relatedness. See also here and here or here for a different overview. You can see to a degree how close treespecies are related by the schema below:

The place of trees in the plant kingdom.

All trees are seed-plants. non-seedplants are the Pteridophyta with species like ferns.

Different groups containing trees in the plant kingdom.

Some trees are Gymnosperma (naked-seeds) like coniferes, pines and cypresses, lork and taxus.
All trees with leafs are Angiosperma, (flowering plants with covered-seeds), of the class dycotyla (seeds with two parts) as opposed to moncotyls (like grasses for example).

Relatedness of tree-species.

Trees with leafs can be more or less related. The ordes Salicales and fagalus are very related. Salicales are willows (wilgen) and cottonwoods (populieren). The order Fagalus contains the birches (berk) and alders (els) in one family, beech (beuk) chestnut (kastanje) and oak (eik) in another and elms (iep) in yet another. All these families of species are in close relationships to one another. These orders were amongst the first flowering plants to evolve about 140 million years ago.

Other trees that are related are those inside the order of Rosalia that contains the Platana (platanen) and Rosaceae with prunus (cherry kers), apple pear (appel en peer) and so on.
Also related are the maples (esdoorns) and horsechestnut (paardekastanje). The ash is part of the order that also contains the olive-tree. The Linden (linde) stand on their own.

Systematics of the plant-kingdom and the place of tree-species and families in it.

Kingdom of the plants (based on Flora van Nederland, 1983, Wolters-Noordhof twintigste druk).

Afdeling Pteridophyta
        klasse Lycopsida, wolfsklauwachtigen
        klasse Sphenopsida, Paardestaartachtigen
        klasse Filicopsida, Varens

Afdeling Spermatophyta, Zaadplanten
   Onderafdeling Gymnospermae (Naaktzadigen)
http://www.botanik.uni-bonn.de/conifers/taxa.htm
        klasse Coniferopsida
           orde Coniferales
                Pinaceae Dennenfamilie
                        Abies L zilverspar
                        Pseudotsuga Douglasspar
                        Tsuga Hemlockspar
                        Picae Spar
                        Larix Larix
                        Pinus Den
                Cupressaceae Cypresfamilie
                        Thuja Levensboom
                        Juniperus Jeneverbes
                Sequoiadendron Sequoia familie
                        sequoiadendron giganteum
        klasse Taxopsida
           orde Taxales
                        Taxaceae Taxusfamilie
                        Taxus

   Onderafdeling Angiospermae Bedektzadigen
        klasse Monocotyledones Eenzaadlobbigen
                                Voorbeelden:
                        Graminales Grassenfamilie,
                        Amarylllidaceae Narcissenfamilie (nacis)
                        Iridacea Lissenfamilie (crocus, Lis, )
                        Liliiflorea Leliefamilie (lelie, asperge, hyacinth, bieslook)
                        Spathiflorae Aronskelkfamilie
                        Juncacea Russen (veldbies, veldrus)
                        Orchideaceae Orchideeen
                        Cyperaceae Cypergrassen (Zegge, Cypergras,Zeebies)
        klasse Dicotyledones Tweezaadlobbigen
          orde Salicales
                        Salicaceae wilgenfamilie
                                (Salix wilg)
                                (Populus populier [en abeel] {esp})
          orde Myricaceae
                        Myricaceae Gagelfamilie
          orde Fagales
                        Betulaceau Berkenfamilie
                                Betula berk
                                Alnus Els
                        Corylaceae Hazelaarfamilie
                                Carpinus
                                        betulus Haagbeuk
                                Corylus
                                        carpinus Hazelaar
                        Fagaceae Beukenfamilie
                                Castanea kastanje
                                Fagus Beuk
                                        sylvatica beuk
                                Quercus Eik
                                        rubra amerikaanse eik
                                        robur zomereik
                                        petraea wintereik
                        Urticales Iepenfamilie
                                Ulmus Iep
                                        laevis steeliep
                                        minor Glasse iep
                                        glabra Ruwe iep
                                niet bomen families: Cannabacea hennep, Urticacea brandnetel
                orde Polygonales duizendknoop (Rumex zuring)
                orde Centrospermae (Caryophyllaceae anjer
                orde Ranales (nymphaeaceae waterlelie) (ranunculaceae ranonkel)
                orde Rhoeedales (Papaveraceae papaver) (Cruciferaa kruisbloemen)
                orde Sarraceniales zonnedauw,
                orde Rosales
                        niet boom: Crassulaceae vetplanten; Saxifrageceae steenbreek (Rives kruisbes, zwarte bes aalbes);
                        Platanaceae plataanfamilie
                                Platanus plataan
                                        hybrida gewone plataan (occidentalisXorientalis)
                        Rosaceae rozenfamilie
                                niet bomen: Fragaria aardbei, Rubus braam framboos, Rosa roos,
                                Pyrus peer
                                        communis peer
                                Malus appel
                                        sylvestris appel
                                Sorbus lijsterbes
                                        aucuparia wilde lijsterbes
                                        aria meelbes
                                Crataegus meidoorn
                                        laevigata tweestijlige meidoorn
                                Prunus prunus
                                        serotina amerikaanse vogelkers
                                        cerasus zure kers
                                        avium zoete kers
                                        domestica pruim
                        Leguminosa vlinderbloemigen; Linaceae (vlas);
                orde Sapindales
                        Anacardiaceae pruikeboomfamilie
                                Rhus
                                        radicans gifsumak (poison ivy)
                        Aceraceae esdoornfamilie
                                Acer esdoorn
                                        negundo vder-esdoorn
                                        pseudoplatanus gewone esdoorn
                                        platanoides noorse esdoorn
                        Hippocastanaceae paardenkastanjefamilie
                                Aesculus paardenkastanje
                                        hippocastanum wilde kastanje
                                        A X carnae rode paardenkastanje
                        niet bomen: balsemien,
                orde Calastrales
                        aquifoliaceae hulstfamilie
                                ilex
                                        aquifolium hulst
                orde Rhamnales
                        Rhamnaceae wegedoornfamilie
                                Rhamnus
                                        cartharticus wegedoorn
                                        alnus sporkehout (vuilboom)
                        niet boom: Vitaceae (wijnstok)
                orde Malvales
                        Tiliaceae lindefamilie
                                Tilia linde
                                        platyphylos zomerlinde
                                        cordata winterlinde
                        niet bomen: Malvaceae (kaasjeskruid),
                orde Thymelaeales
                        niet boom: Thymelaeaceae (peperboompjes), elaeagnaceae (duindoorn),
                orde Guttiferales (hertshooifamilie; stjanskruid)
                orde Violales (Violaceae viooltjes) (Cistaceae zonneroosjes) (Elatinaceae glaskroos)
                orde Cucurbitales (komkommer)
                orde Myrtales (Lythraceae kattestaart) (Haloragaceae vederkruid)
                orde Umbelliflora (Cornaceae kornoelje) (Araliaceae klimop) (Umbellifereae schermbloemigen)
                orde Ericales (Ericaceae heide)
                orde Primulales (Primulaceae sleutelbloem)
                orde Plumbaginaceae (strandkruid)
                orde Oleales
                        Oleaceae olijffamilie
                                fraxinus es
                                        excelsior gewone es
                                syringa sering
                                ligustrum liguster

                orde Gentianes (gentiaan) (Rubiaceae walstro)
                orde Tubiflorae (Polemoniaceae vlambloem) (Convolvulaceae winde) (Boraginaceae ruwbladigen) (Libiatae libbloemigen; dovenetel) (Solaneceae nachtschade; aardappel) (Scrophulariaceae helmkruid)
                orde Plantaginales weegbree
                orde Dipsacales
                        Caprifoliaceae kamperfoelie
                                nigra gewone vlier
                        niet=boom Adoxaceae muskuskruid; Valarianaceae valeriaan; Dipsacaceae kaardebol;
                orde Campanulaes klokjes (Compositae composieten; kamille; distel; goudsbloem)

All plant-families that include at least one species of woody plants.

stolen from http://www.treeguide.com.

Family Common name Other names
Acanthaceae
Aceraceae Maple
Achatocarpaceae
Actinidiaceae
Adoxaceae Viburnum
Aegicerataceae
Aextoxicaceae
Agavaceae Agave
Aitoniaceae
Akaniaceae
Alangiaceae
Altingiaceae
Alzateaceae
Anacardiaceae Cashew sumac
Androstachydaceae
Anisophylleaceae
Annonaceae Custard-apple pawpaw
Antoniaceae
Apocynaceae
Aquifoliaceae Holly
Aquilariaceae
Araliaceae Ginseng
Aralidiaceae
Araucariaceae
Arecaceae Palm
Asclepiadaceae
Asphodelaceae
Asteliaceae
Asteraceae
Asteranthaceae
Asteropeiaceae
Atherospermataceae
Averrhoaceae
Avicenniaceae
Balanitaceae
Balanopaceae
Bambusaceae
Barbeyaceae
Barringtoniaceae
Berberidaceae
Betulaceae Birch
Bignoniaceae Trumpet-creeper Catalpa
Bischofiaceae
Bixaceae
Blechnaceae
Blepharocaryaceae
Boerlagellaceae
Bombacaceae
Bonnetiaceae
Boraginaceae
Bretschneideraceae
Brexiaceae
Bromeliaceae
Brunelliaceae
Bruniaceae
Buddlejaceae
Burseraceae
Buxaceae
Cactaceae Cactus
Caesalpiniaceae
Calycanthaceae
Campanulaceae
Canellaceae
Canotiaceae
Capparidaceae
Caprifoliaceae Honeysuckle
Caricaceae
Carpinaceae
Caryocaraceae
Caryophyllaceae
Casuarinaceae Beefwood
Cecropiaceae
Celastraceae bittersweet
Cephalotaxaceae
Cercidiphyllaceae katsura
Chenopodiaceae
Chloranthaceae
Chrysobalanaceae
Cleomaceae
Clethraceae Pepperbush
Cochlospermaceae
Columelliaceae
Combretaceae
Compositae Sunflower
Connaraceae
Convolvulaceae
Coriariaceae
Cornaceae Dogwood
Corylaceae
Corynocarpaceae
Crassulaceae
Crypteroniaceae
Ctenolophaceae
Cunoniaceae
Cupressaceae Redwood juniper
Curtisiaceae
Cycadaceae
Cyrillaceae
Daphniphyllaceae
Davidiaceae
Davidsoniaceae
Degenariaceae
Dialypetalanthaceae
Dichapetalaceae
Dicksoniaceae
Didiereaceae
Didymelaceae
Diegodendraceae
Dilleniaceae
Dipentodontaceae
Dipterocarpaceae
Dracaenaceae
Duckeodendraceae
Dulongiaceae
Ebenaceae Ebony persimmon
Ehretiaceae
Elaeagnaceae Russian-olive
Epacridaceae
Ericaceae Heath
Erythroxylaceae
Escalloniaceae
Eucommiaceae
Eucryphiaceae
Euphorbiaceae Euphorbia
Eupomatiaceae
Eupteleaceae
Fabaceae Legume
Fagaceae Beech oak
Flacourtiaceae
Flindersiaceae
Foetidiaceae
Fouquieriaceae
Garryaceae
Ginkgoaceae Ginkgo
Goetzeaceae
Gomortegaceae
Gonystylaceae
Goodeniaceae
Goupiaceae
Greyiaceae
Griseliniaceae
Grossulariaceae
Guttiferae
Gyrocarpaceae
Gyrostemonaceae
Hamamelidaceae Witch-hazel
Henriqueziaceae
Hernandiaceae
Heteropyxidaceae
Himantandraceae
Hippocastanaceae Horsechestnut buckeye
Hoplestigmataceae
Humbertiaceae
Humiriaceae
Hydrangeaceae Hydrangea
Hymenocardiaceae
Hymenophyllaceae
Hypericaceae
Icacinaceae
Idiospermaceae
Illiciaceae
Irvingiaceae
Iteaceae
Ixonanthaceae
Juglandaceae Walnut
Julianaceae
Kirkiaceae
Koeberlinaceae
Labiatae
Lacistemataceae
Lauraceae Laurel
Lecythidaceae
Leeaceae
Leitneriaceae
Leptospermaceae
Liliaceae Lily
Linaceae
Lissocarpaceae
Loasaceae
Loganiaceae
Lophopyxidaceae
Loranthaceae
Lythraceae
Magnoliaceae Magnolia
Malpighiaceae
Malvaceae
Marcgraviaceae
Mastixiaceae
Medusagynaceae
Medusandraceae
Melanophyllaceae
Melastomataceae
Meliaceae
Melianthaceae
Meliosmaceae
Memecylaceae
Menispermaceae
Montiniaceae
Moraceae Mulberry
Moringaceae
Musaceae
Myoporaceae
Myricaceae
Myristicaceae
Myrsinaceae
Myrtaceae
Napoleonaeaceae
Naucleaceae
Nyctaginaceae
Ochnaceae
Octoknemaceae
Olacaceae
Oleaceae Olive ash
Oliniaceae
Onagraceae
Oncothecaceae
Opiliaceae
Pandaceae
Pandanaceae
Papaveraceae
Paracryphiaceae
Passifloraceae
Pelliceriaceae
Pentaphylacaceae
Peraceae
Peridiscaceae
Periplocaceae
Phellinaceae
Philadelphaceae
Phytolaccaceae
Picramniaceae
Picrodendraceae
Pinaceae Pine
Piperaceae
Pistaciaceae
Pittosporaceae
Platanaceae Sycamore plane
Plocospermataceae
Poaceae
Podocarpaceae
Polemoniaceae
Polygalaceae
Polygonaceae
Potaliaceae
Proteaceae
Psiloxylaceae
Ptaeroxylaceae
Punicaceae
Quiinaceae
Rhamnaceae
Rhizophoraceae Red Mangrove
Rhodoleiaceae
Rhynchocalycaceae
Rosaceae Rose
Rubiaceae
Rutaceae Rue
Salicaceae Willow poplar
Salvadoraceae
Santalaceae
Sapindaceae Soapberry
Sapotaceae
Sarcolaenaceae
Sarcospermataceae
Sciadopytyaceae
Scrophulariaceae
Scyphostegiaceae
Scytopetalaceae
Simaroubaceae Quassia
Siparunaceae
Siphonodontaceae
Sladeniaceae
Solanaceae
Sphaerosepalaceae
Sphenostemonaceae
Stachyuraceae
Staphyleaceae Bladdernut
Sterculiaceae Sterculia
Stilaginaceae
Strasburgeriaceae
Strelitziaceae
Strychnaceae
Stylocerataceae
Styracaceae
Surianaceae
Symplocaceae
Tamaricaceae
Taxaceae Yew
Tepuianthaceae
Tetracentraceae
Tetramelaceae
Tetrameristaceae
Theaceae Tea
Theophrastaceae
Thymelaeaceae Mezereum
Ticodendraceae
Tiliaceae Linden basswood
Toricelliaceae
Trigoniaceae
Trimeniaceae
Trochodendraceae
Turneraceae
Uapacaceae
Ulmaceae Elm
Umbelliferae
Urticaceae
Verbenaceae
Violaceae
Vitaceae
Vochysiaceae
Winteraceae
Xanthophyllaceae
Zygophyllaceae